In communications, Four Wave Mixing (FWM) is a coupling effect between light waves caused by the third-order polarization real part of the fiber medium. It is caused by the interaction of two or three light waves of different wavelengths at other wavelengths. The production of so-called mixing produ......

DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing is the ability to combine a group of optical wavelengths and use a single optical fiber for transmission. This is a laser technology used to increase bandwidth on existing fiber optic backbone networks. More precisely, the technology is to multiplex the t......

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a low-loss, high-resolution, non-invasive medical and imaging technology developed in the early 1990s. Its principle is similar to ultrasound imaging, the difference is that it uses light instead of sound.

In various optical fiber interference instruments, in order to obtain the maximum coherence efficiency, the polarization state of the optical fiber propagating light is required to be very stable. The transmission of light in a single-mode fiber is actually two orthogonal polarization fundamental mo......

This is a packaged chip with integrated circuits composed of tens or tens of billions of transistors inside. When we zoom in under a microscope, we can see that the interior is as complex as a city. The integrated circuit is a kind of miniature electronic device or component. Together with wiring an......

A revolutionary technology allows scientists to observe the interior of instantaneous particles called excitons (Exciton) at close range in an unparalleled way. Excitons describe the bound state of a pair of electrons and holes that are attracted to each other by electrostatic Coulomb interaction. T......